Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common extrarenal diseases affecting the kidney. That’s why diabetic renal diet is a hot topic these days.
More or less 30% of patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) have diabetes mellitus as well. This is because a progressive process of diabetic nephropathy commonly leads renal failure.
25% to 50% of patients with type 1 diabetes or insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus have end-stage renal failure within 10 to 20 years from the beginning of insulin treatment, according to scientists’ estimations.
Diabetic clients which are not insulin dependent can also suffer from renal disease. About 25% of people, after 20 years of diabetes have proteinuria (protein in urine).
In order to prevent end stage renal disease, patients should manage progressive worsening condition to their renal system by controlling diabetes mellitus. This nutritional therapy, which the renal diet really is, can enhance the chance of each patient to achieve good metabolic control.
Often when a patient is evaluated for recurrent insulin reactions, the renal failure is initially identified. This is because the kidney metabolizes large portion of insulin (30% to 40%) and as renal function decline the degradation of insulin also decreases, resulting in a lower insulin requirement.
Experts trust that exacerbation of kidney disease can be slowed down by the following:
- Careful control of hypertension.
- Maintaining normal sugar level by adjusting insulin therapy and cautiously monitoring blood glucose.
- Restricting protein in diet.
Renal failure inescapably develops within 5 to 10 years after the manifestation of significant proteinuria, regardless of diabetic control unfortunately.
Recommended dietary modification for patients with diabetes mellitus:
- Total calorie consumption – appropriate to preserve or reach acceptable weight in grown-ups, or satisfy increased needs of kids, teenagers, pregnant and breast feeding ladies and people dealing with catabolic illness.
- Caloric distribution – 50-70% of carbohydrates, 20-30% of fat and 20-30% of proteins.
- No more than 300 mg/day of cholesterol.
- Sodium maximum – about 300mg/day, even less for patients with hypertension if renal complications.
- Alcohol – allowed in small amounts if a person has good metabolic control.
- Mineral supplements and vitamins are not necessary, but may be provided to people on diets with reduced calories (i.e. 1200kcal/day or less)
There’s really no single diabetic diet which will suit the individual and also the specific need of a patient with diabetes. The diet for a person with diabetes can merely be defined as an “eating recommendation based on nutrition assessment along with therapy objectives”. Nevertheless, the diabetic renal diet can be a guideline regarding how to cope with and control diabetes mellitus hence prolonging renal disease.
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